System for controlling electric motors.



PATENTED DEC. 20, 1904.

H. H. CUTLER.

SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 6, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

NO MODEL.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

PATENTED DEC. 20, 1904.

H. H. CUTLER.

SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRIC MCTGRS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 6, 1903 N0 MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented December 20, 1904,

PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY H. CUTLER, OF MILl/VAUKEE, VVISCONSINJ ASSIGNOR TO THECUTLER-HAMMER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WVISCONSIN, ACORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.

SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRIC MOTORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 777,778, dated December20, 1904.

Application filed July 6, 1903- Serial No. 164,377-

To ally/720m, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY H. CUTLER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Milwaulze'e, in the county of Milwaukee and State ofWVisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inSystems for Controlling Electric Motors, of which the following is afull, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates particularly to a system for controlling electricmotors, and although it has been especially designed to opcrate a trainof cars or other vehicles on the multiple-unit plan it may be applied indif- Ferent relations, and certain of its features maybe utilized withother instrumentalities than those which I will particularly describefor the purpose of disclosing my invention.

The system which I have Worked out for operating a train of cars on themultiple-unit plan I have illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a part of the circuit andapparatus in each car. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the completecircuit arrangement and apparatus for controlling a single car, and Fig.3 is a detail view of the interlocking lever for the series-parallelswitch.

In the embodiment of my invention shown in the drawings a plurality ofcircuits is provided, one of said circuits being located upon each carin the train. For convenience I will designate these circuits thecontrolling-clrcuits. With each of the controlling-circuits a pluralityof electromagnetic windings is connected. These windings are adapted torespond selectively by a variation in the voltage or other electricalconditions upon the controlling-circuits. The controlling-circuits eachhave a separate source of current-supply, and in a suitable way thevoltage of other electrical conditions upon all of thecontrolling-circuits may be simultaneously varied.

In Fig. '1 of the drawings are indicated portions of thecontrolling-circuits in cars A and B. In each car is installed amotor-generator,

the motor m and the generator 0 of which are each preferably of theshunt-wound type. The motor-armature m and the field m thereof arearranged in parallel paths between the motor-terminals m and m", theformer being connected with the trolley T by wire or conductor 18 andthe latter with the ground Cr by wire 19. At each end of each car issituated a controller is, which has segments 71, 71, c and 1i and twosets of contacts Z7. The resistance is has its sections connectedbetween the contacts of one set and the other resistance, [0 issimilarly connected with the other set of contacts. The two resistancesare here shown for the purpose of making it possible to readily followthe circuits for the current; but in practice only a single resistancewould be employed.

A centrally-pivoted arm 70*, having a handle k", is arranged in itsinitial position between the contacts of resistance 71: and segments Land k on the one side and resistance k and segments Z1 and Z? on theother side and carries brushes 7 and 7;, which are disposed to engagethe contacts and segments. \Vhen the arm or brush carrier is in itsinitial or oil position, the brushes make no connection between thesegments and the contacts of the resistance. hen, however, the armismoved in one directionsay by moving the handle upwardly in thedirection of the arrow-the brush 7c would bridge the contacts ofresistance k and segment 71 and the brush is would bridge the segments band 77. The movement of the arm in the opposite direction or downwardlywould connect the segments and contacts in a different relation, thebrush 71 in this direction of movement bridging the contacts ofresistance 70 and the segment I and the brush h bridging the segmentsZ," and k Between the two controllers of each car extend four wires 20,21, 22, and 23, which in practice would be formed into a single cable.The wire 20 connects the segments Z," and the wire 21 connects thesegments 7;. The segments Z? and 7c are connected by a wire 22, and awire 23 connects the resistances, said wire 23 each resistance. The wire23 is connected with the motor-terminal m by wire 24, and a wire 25connects the wire 22 with the motorterminal m. The field g of thegenerator has one side connected with the wire 21 by the wire 26 and theopposite side with the wire 20 by the wire 27.

For the purpose of tracing the circuits attention will now be directedparticularly to Fig. 1 and the controller situated at the lefthand endthereof. The current flows from the trolley T by wires 18, 2 1, and 28to the re sistanees of the controller. 1f the controllerarm be movedupward so that the brush Z?" bridges the contacts of resistance b andsegment Z." and the brush it bridges segments b" and 7:, the currentwill flow through the sections of resistance not cut out over the brush7:: to the segment A" and thence by wires 20 and 27 to the field of thegenerator After traversing the generator-field it will pass by wires 26and 21 to the segment 7:1 and here it will cross the brush 7:1 tosegment l1 and flow over wires 22, 25, and 19 to the ground. The firstcontact of the resistance Zf' engaged by the brush 70 in its movementupwardly includes the greatest amount of resistancein circuit, and asthe brush engages the successive contacts the resistance is cut outsection by section until the brush rests upon the last contact, and thenall resistance will be removed from the circuit. The reverse movement ofthe contact-arm connects the contacts of the resistance Z, by brush kwith the segment Z2 and bridges the segments 7: and 7'3 by brush it. iththe segments and contacts thus connected the current will flow from thetrolley by wires 18, 24C, and 23 to the resistance k and across thebrush Zv to the segment F. It will then pass from the segment if by thewires 21 and 26 to the field g of the generator and traverse said fieldin the opposite direction from that which it did when the controller-armwas moved in the other direction. From the field of the generator thecurrent will flow by the wires 27 and 20 to the segment l1. Thence itwill cross the brush Z, to the segment 70 and follow the wires 22, 25,and 19 to the ground. As in the movement of the arm upwardly thedownward movement of the arm over the contacts of resistance b willsuccessively cut out sections of resistance until all resistance isremoved from the circuit. Ofcourse when the most resistance is incircuit the least current will traverse the field of the generator, andtherefore the energization of said field will be the minimum. As thecontroller-arm is moved to cut down the resistance in circuit with saidfield the current which traverses said field will be increased, andconsequently the strength of the field will be increased, and when allthe resistance has been removed from the circuit of the generator-fieldthe maximum current will being connected to the last contact of l flowthrough said field and the same will be energized to its greatestextent.

ln addition to varying the strength of the field in the manner above setout the polarity of said field may also be changed by the movement ofthe arm in difierent directions. If the arm is moved upwardly, thecurrent will traverse the field in one direction and produce a certainpolarity. A movement of the arm downwardly will establish paths for thecurrent by which the current will traverse said field in the oppositedirection, and therefore the polarity of said field will be reversed. Asthe handle is moved in either direction from its initial position overthe resistance-contacts the current in the field will be increased, andtherefore the strength of said field will also be increased.

The several cars of the train are each equipped with a train-line, whichcomprises wires 28 and 29 and which in practice would consist of asingle cable with the two wires arranged therein and suitably insulatedfrom one another. A suitable coupling is provided at the end of eachtrain-line and is of such construction that it will connect the wires ofthe train-line symmetrically throughout the entire train*that is, itwill connect the trainlines in such a manner that all wires 28 will beconnected with one another, and the wires 29 will be similarlyconnected. The wire 29 of each train line is connected by wire 30 withthe wire 21, extending between the controllers, and the wire 28 isconnected with the wire by the wire 31. These wires and 31 supplythewires 28 and 29 with current from the wires 20 and 21, and therefore ifthe train-lines of cars A and B be connected and the arm of thecontroller at the left-hand end of the car A be operated to make thecircuit then the current, in addition to pursuing the path before setout to energize the field r of the generator of car A, will pass by cond uctorsay 31-if the controller-arm be moved upwardly to the wire 28 ofthe train-line, and thence it will flow by the wire 28 from car A to carB. From wire 28 in car B it will pass by conductors or wires 31 and 2'7to the field ofthe generator of carB and after traversing said fieldwill return to the wire 29 through the wires 26 and 30. By wire 29 itwill flew back to car A from car B and thence fiow by wire 30 to thewire 21. From here it will follow the same course as the current fiowingthrough.

the generator-field g of the generator of car A. it will therefore beobserved that from the controller at the left-hand end of Fig. 1 thecurrent may be sent through the field of the generator in each of thecars. and the direction which said current pursues in traversing thefields of the several generators will depend upon the dircction in whichthe handle of the controller is moved; also, that the strength of allsaid fields may be varied by changing the resistance included in circuitwith the fields. In a similar manner to that described in connectionwith the controller at the left-hand side of car A, may the fields ofeach of the generators be controlled from any one of the controllers.

The armature of the generator part of each motor-generator is normallydriven at a uniform speed from the armature of the motor, and theterminal 9 of said generator is connected with the wire 32 of the car orcontrolling-circuit, and the other terminal, g", of said generator isconnected with the wire 33 of said circuit. As the armature of the generator normally runs at a uniform speed, the strength and direction ofthe current developed thereby will depend upon the polarity and strengthof the field. It was before described how the strength and polarity ofthe field 9 might be changed by the manipulation of one of thecontrollers, and therefore it will be readily appreciated how thepolarity and voltage of the current upon the controllingcircuit may bevaried.- The field of each of the generators being within the control ofthe master-controller, the strength and direction of the current on thecontrolling-circuit may be varied at will from said controller.

1 will now proceed to a description of that part of the system whichoperates the elements of the apparatus for controlling the motors whichpropel the cars, and in describing the same reference will be hadparticularly to Fig. 2 of the drawings, which shows the complete circuitarrangement for a single car. Two sets of motors of two motors each arepreferably employed in propelling each car, one set of motors beingarranged on the forward truck and the other set on the rear truck; butwhile 1 will describe my invention as arranged for use with two sets ofmotors it will be understood that it may be equally advantageouslyemployed for controlling a single motor. Moreover, the motors may beemployed for other purposes than operating cars or vehicles, and in manyways the system of my invention may be adapted to accomplish variousends which are not herein specified. It will be noted that the armaturesa and Z) of one set of motors are connected in parallel paths and alsothat the fields a" and 7) of said set of motors are likewise connectedin parallel. The armatures c and (Z of the other set of motors aresimilarly connected in parallel, as are also fields 0 and d. At the leftof the figure are solenoids and 7', which control sections r and '1' ofthe resistance for the armatures a and Z). At the right are solenoids 0"and 1", which control sections 1' and r of the resistance for thearmatures 0 and (Z. The core of the solenoid '2" carries contact 84:,which when lifted bridges terminals 35 and 36 to cut out the section ofresistance 1"". The core of the solenoid o lifts the contact 37, which,when raised, bridges terminals 38 and 39 to cut out the resistance r.The core of the solenoid 7- has contact 40, which when raised bridgesterminals etl and 42 to cut out the resistance 1' and the core of thesolenoid 7* has contact a3, which when lifted bridges terminals 4 and 45to remove the resistance r. The several solenoids 1", r 0' and r areconnected across the controlling-circuit in parallel paths. Thesolenoids r and 0' respond to different voltages, as do also thesolenoids r" and 2", the solenoids 9" and r being adapted to respond toa lower voltage than the solenoids 7" and 1''". Therefore when thevoltage on the controlling-circuit has risen to a predetermined pointthe solenoids r and r will respond and cut their respective resistancesout of circuit. W hen the voltage has further increased sufiieiently toenergize the solenoids and 1", said solenoids will lift their cores, andthereby the sections of resistances controlled by said solenoids will beremoved from the circuits of the armatures. On the left-hand side of thediagram is illustrated a reversing-switch for the motors a and 7), whichoperates to send the current through the motors a and b in the directionrequired to produce the rotation of their armatures in the properdirection to propel the car. This switch comprises two solenoids w and(1., respectively. Each solenoid consists of two windings, the solenoid7/) having windings and 20 and the solenoid :1: having windings w and w.The upper windings 70 and a" are connected in series between the trolleyT and the ground G and are constantly supplied with current from thesource of the main supply. The lower windings 7.0 and are connected inseries between opposite sides of the controlling-circuit, and thereforethe direction of the flow of the current therein depends upon thedirection of the flow of the current on the controllingcircuit; but inthe other windings, w and m, of said solenoids the current flowscontinuously in one direction. The winding w is arranged to energize thesolenoid w with polarity opposite to that which the solenoid 70 produceswhen the current flows in one direction through the winding 70 and toproduce the same polarity of the solenoid as thewinding 70 when thecurrent flows in the opposite direction that is, if the winding wproduces at the upper end anorth pole and at its lower end a south polethen when the winding 10 tends to produce an opposite polarity to thatof the winding 20" said winding 002 would tend to create a north pole atits lowerend and a south pole at its upper end, and when the lowerwinding 10 tends to produce the same polarity as the winding 70 thensaid winding 20 would produce a north pole at its upper end and a southpole at its lower end. Therefore when the winding w tends to producedifferent polarity from that of winding 70' like poles would be inproximity, and therefore the elfect of one winding would neutralize ordestroy the effect of the other winding, so that the solenoid wouldremain mert. It the winding w has the current flowing therein in adirection which tends tov produce the same polarity as the winding w,then the solenoid will be energized and raise its core, the two windingsassisting each other. The windings w and a? of the solenoid m aresimilar to those of the solenoid w, and when the current flows throughthe winding 00 in one direction, it tends to produce opposite polarityto that of the winding (0, and when it flows through the winding of inthe opposite direction said latter winding tends to produce the samepolarity as the upper winding :0. The windings of the two solenoids wand w are so arranged that when the current flows through the windings10 and in one direction, one solenoid will be energized and the otherremain inert, and when the current flows in the opposite direction thereverse result will be effected. The solenoid w has its core provided atthe lower end with a contact 46, which bridges terminals 47 and L8, andat its upper end with a contact 49, which bridges when raised theterminals 50 and 51. The solenoid it also has its core provided at thelower end with contact 52, which bridges terminals 53 and 5st, and atits upper end with a contact 55, which bridges terminals 56 and 57. henone solenoid is energized to lift its core, the contacts carried by saidcore bridge their respective terminals and close the circuit through thearmatures a and 5 in one direction, and when the core of the othersolenoid, w, is lifted its contacts close the circuit through theirrespective terminals in a manner to cause the current to flow throughthe armatures a and b in the opposite direction. As before explained,when one solenoid of the reversing-switch is energized the othersolenoid remains inert through the neutralization of its windings. Theenergization of either of the solenoids w or m is dependent, it will beobserved, upon the direction of the flow of the current in the windingsw and (v and as said latter windings are included in thecontrolling-circuit on which the direction of the flow of the current iswithin the control of the operator of the mastercontroller either one ofthe solenoids w or re may be energized at the will of the operator bythe proper movement of the master-controller arm. Therefore, the currentmay be sent through the motors a and b in either direction, depending,as before stated, upon the position of the master-controller arm. Inpractice to insure the lowering of the core of one solenoid when theopposite solenoid is energized a suitable interlocking lever is arrangedbetween the two cores, and normally the two cores are situated in anintermediate position, so that the contacts carried thereby will not bein engagement with their respective terminals. The reversing-switch atthe right of Fig. 2 for the motors c and (Z is the same as thereversing-switch for the motors a and b. Said switch has two solenoids 3and .2, the solenoid 1 having windings g/ and y and the solenoid 2having windings .2 and .2 the upper windings 1/ and .2 of the twosolenoids being connected in series between the trolley and the groundand constantly supplied with current in one direction. It will beobserved that the windings w and a" of one reversing-switch and thewindings and e of the other reversing-switch are all connected inseries. The lower windings 1 and z of the solenoids y and z areconnected in series between opposite sides of the controlling-circuitand are wound to produce opposite polarity like the windings w and :0 sothat when the current traverses said windings in one direction onesolenoid will be energized while the other remains inert. The core ofthe solenoid 1 carries at its upper end a contact 58, which bridgesterminals 59 and 60 when the core is raised, and at its lower end acontact 61, which bridges terminals 62 and 63. The core of the othersolenoid has at its upper end a contact 64, which when the core israised bridges terminals 65 and 66, and at its lower end a contact 67 tobridge terminals 68 and 69. Like the other reversing-switch, the coresin practice are suitably interlocked, and while one solenoid isenergized the otheralways remains 9 inert. One solenoid when energizedestablishes a path for the current to flow through the armatures 0 and(Z in one direction, and the other solenoid when energized causes thecurrent to traverse the armatures in the opposite direction. At thecenter of the diagram are situated the parallel and series switches, theparallel switch being to connect all the motors across the line in aparallel relation and the series switch being to establish a seriesrelation of said motors in circuit. The solenoid p of the parallelswitch and the solenoid s of the series switch are arranged in parallelacross the controlling-circuit, and the parallel solenoid is wound torespond un der a higher voltage than the series solenoid. The seriessolenoid has its core carrying at the upper end a contact 70, which whenraised bridges terminals 71 and 72, and at its lower end a contact 7 3,which when raised bridges terminals 7 4 and 75. Said core also carriesat its lower end a contact 76, which when the core is lowered bridgesterminals 77 and 78, and a contact 79, which when raised bridgesterminals 80 and 81. The core of the paral lel solenoid is provided atits upper end with a bridge 82, which when raised bridges terminals 83and 84, and at its lower end a contact 85, which when raised bridgesterminals 86 and 87. Also at the lower end of said core is arranged acontact 88, which when the core is lowered bridges terminals 89 and 90.

In the initial path for the current through each of the severalsolenoids above described is arranged a switch Z, one being provided foreach solenoid, and in a shuntpath around each of said switches is aresistance or lamp Z. Said switch is situated in a position to be openedby the core of the solenoid when it is raised, and when said switch isopened the resistance or lamp Z is thrown into circuit with saidsolenoid and protects the same from excessive currents.

A better understanding of the operation of the system described will nowbe gained by following the circuits for the current. Assume that thecurrent on the controlling-circuit flows in a given direction. Then itwill pass by conductor 90 through the solenoid s of the series switch,it first passing through the resistance-switch Z thereof. Aftertraversing the solenoid s the current will flow to terminal 80, thenceto terminal 90, across the bridge 88 to terminal 89, and then byconductor 91 to the opposite side of the controlling-circuit. At thesame time the current will fiow from one side of the controllingcircuitby conductor 92, through the windings 10 and m of one reversing-switch,and thence to the opposite side of the controlling-circuit by conductor93. The circuit through the windings and of the solenoids of the otherreversing-switch can also be traced from one side of thecontrolling-circuit by conductor 94, through the windings, and thence byconductor 95 to the opposite side of the car controlling circuit. Assumethat the solenoid s and the solenoid ofthe reversingswitch respond totwenty volts, and that the master-controller arm has been movedsuflicient to produce such a voltage upon the controlling-circuit. Alsosuppose in this instance that the direction of the flow of the currenton the controlling-circuit will cause the energization of the solenoid wof one reversing-switch and the solenoid y of the otherreversing-switch. These solenoids will then raise their respectivecores, while the other solenoids of said reversing-switches remaininert. Ve will say that the solenoids r and 0' which control theresistances, operate under a potential of thirty volts each, andtherefore when the current on the controllingcircuit has risen to thirtyvolts, the solenoids 7" and T will be energized and lift their cores,thereby removing their respective resistances from thearmature-circuits. The path for the current of the solenoid a" can befollowed from one side of the controlling-circuit by conductor 96,through the solenoid 9", thence by conductor 97 to terminal 81, acrosscontact 79, to terminals 80 and 90, over contact 88 to terminal 89 andconductor 91, and then to the opposite side of the controlling-circuit.The path for the current through the solenoid 7' may be traced byconductor 98 through said solenoid, over conductor 99 to the terminal81, and thence to the opposite side of the controlling-circuit by thesame path previously traced for the current for the otherresistance-solenoid. On further increase of the voltage to forty voltsthe solenoids 7' and 0" will be energized and cut their respectiveresistances from circuit, it being presumed that said solenoids respondunder forty volts potential. The paths for the current of the solenoids1" and r are substantially the same as those for the solenoids r and 9'and may be readily followed, the solenoid 1* being situated in ashunt-path around the solenoid and the solenoid 0" being likewisesituated in a shunt-path around the solenoid 2' I will now trace themotor-circuits when said motors are connected in series and thesolenoids iv and 1 of the reversing-switches are energized. The currentwill follow the conductor 100 to the terminal and pass over bridge 49 toterminal 51. llhenceforward it will flow to terminal 53 of the othersolenoid and pass through armatures a and 7) to the terminal 48. Here itwill cross the bridge 46 to the terminal 47, pass between the terminals39 and 38 by contact 37, if the resistance-solenoids w and r areenergized to remove their respective resistances from circuit, andthence flow by conductor-101 to the fields a and 7) of the armatures aand b. After traversing said fields it will pass by conductor 102 toterminal 74. Here it will cross the contact 7 3 to terminal 75 andthence flow by conductor 103,

through terminal 72, contact 70, and terminal 71, to the conductor 104.At this point it will pass to terminal 44 of the solenoid 1'" andthrough contact 43 and bridge 45, whence it will pass over conductor105, through fields 0 and (Z and to the terminal 62 by conductor 106.After crossing bridge 61 to terminal 63 it will flow through thearmatures c and (Z to terminal 68 and thence to terminal 60, acrosscontact 58 to terminal 59 and to the ground by conductors 107, 108, and109. If the so lenoids a; and z of the reversing-switches be energized,then the current will flow through the armatures in the oppositedirection and cause a reverse rotation of the armatures thereof. At thereversing-switch on the left, when the solenoid m is energized, thecurrent instead of flowing through the terminals, as above described,will pass from conductor 100, by conductor 110 to terminal 57, thenceacross the contact to terminal 56, terminal 48, through armatures a andb in opposite direction, the terminal 53, across contact 52 to terminal54, and thence by conductor 111 to terminal 47. In a similar manner thecircuit can be traced through the reversing-switch at the right, thecurrent when the solenoid is energized passing from terminal 62 toterminal 69, thence across contact 67 to terminal 68, through thearmatures c and (Z in the opposite direction from that which it beforepursued to the terminal 63, thence to the terminal 65, through the brush64 and terminal and by wire 112 to conductor 107.

V ith the parallel and series switches is asthe terminals 77 and 78.

sociated in practice an interlocking mechanism somewhat similar to thatemployed with the cores of the reversing-switches. One form of thisinterlocking mechanism is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 3 of thedrawings. Said interlocking mechanism is constructed to permit a slightfreedom of movement of the core of the solenoidp, so that when saidsolenoid is energized the contact 88 will be lifted from terminals 89and 90 to break the circuit through the solenoid .s' of the seriesswitch. The solenoid 7), as before stated, responds to a higher voltagethan the solenoid x, and we will assume that sixty volts are requiredfor its energization, so that its core will not be lifted until afterall the resistance is removed from the circuit of the motors. Thereforewhen the voltage on the controlling-circuit rises to sixty volts thesolenoid 3), connected across the controlling-circuit, will beenergized, and when the contact 88 is lifted to break the connectionbetween terminals 89 and 90 the solenoid s will be cut out of thecircuit and its core will fall and cause contact 76, carried thereby, tobridge When the contact 88 breaks the circuit between the terminals 89and 90, the resistance-solenoids 0", 0' 9' and '1" are deenergized andresistances w, w, v, and 9' again inserted in the motor-circuit. A newpath is now established for the current to flow through theresistancesolenoids, it being from terminal 81, through resistance 0, toterminal 7 8, across contact 76 to terminal 77, thence by wire 113 toterminal 89 and over wire 91 to Wire 83 of the controlling-circuit. Thisresistance 0 is such as to increase the respective voltages required forthe energization of the resistance-solenoids, and we will assume for thepresent that when the resistance 0 is in series with theresistance-solenoids the solenoids 1" and a" will respond to eightyvolts and the solenoids r and 1" will respond to one hundred volts.Therefore after the parallel switch is operated to connect the motors inparallel the sections and r of the resistances will not be cut out untilthe voltage impressed upon the controlling-circuit has increased toeighty volts, and a fur ther increase of the current to one hundredvolts will be required to operate the solenoidswitches Wand 0" to cutout the sections of resistance 0' and 9'.

e will now trace the power-circuits for the current when the parallelswitch is closed and the solenoids w and y of the reversingswitches areenergized and all the resistance for the motors is cut out of circuit.The current will flow from the trolley through the reversing-switch andthe motors a and 7/ to the wire 102, as above described when the seriesswitch was closed. From wire 102 instead of going to the motors of theother set it will pass through terminals 86 and 87 and contact 85 to thewire 109 and thence to the ground. The current for the other meters, 0and (Z, will pass from wire 100, connected with the trolley, throughwire 110 to terminal 83, thence across contact-82 to terminal 84, overwires 10% and 105, through fields c and (Z', arn'latures 0 and (Z of themotors to terminals 68, through terminals and 59 and contact 58 to wire107, and thence by wires 108 and 109 to the ground.

By providing each car with a controller from which the operator of thetrain may control the motors of all the cars a master-controller willalways be situated at the forward end of the front car in the directionin which it is desired to move the train regardless of the arrangementof the cars in the train.

As before mentioned, certain portions of this system have been adoptedmerely for the purpose of disclosing my invention, and therefore I donot wish to limit myself thereto. Moreover, certain details of theapparatus described and other features of my invention maybe changedwithout in any way departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what .I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of aplurality of electromagnetic windings connected in each of said circuitsand adapted to respond to variations of voltage, a separate source ofsupply for each of said circuits, and means for simultaneously varyingat will the voltage impressed upon each of said circuits.

2. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of aplurality of electromagnetic windings connected in parallel betweenopposite mains of each of said circuits and adapted to respond tovariations of voltage, a separate source of supply for each of saidcircuits, and means for simultaneously varying at will the voltageimpressed upon said circuits.

3. The combination with a plurality of con trolling-circuits, of aplurality of electromag:

netic windings connected with each of said circuits and adapted torespond to currents of different character, a separate source of supplyfor each of said circuits, and means for simultaneously varying at willthe characteristics of the current upon all of said circuits toselectively actuate said windings.

1. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of aplurality of electromagnetic windings connected with each of saidcircuits and adapted to respond to currents of different character, aseparate source of supply for each of said circuits, means forsimultaneously varying at will the characteristics of the current uponall of said circuits to selectively actuate said windings, and suitableinstrumentalities controlled by said windings.

5. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of aplurality of electromagnetic windings connected with each of saidcircuits and adapted to respond to currents of different character, aseparate source of supply for each of said circuits. means forsimultaneously varying at will the characteristics of the current uponall of said circuits to selectively actuate said windings, and theelements of an electric-motor controller arranged to be operated by saidwindings.

6. The combination with a plurality of con trolling-circuits, of aplurality of electromagnetic windings connected with each of saidcircuits and adapted to respond to currents of di'tferent character, aseparate source of supply for each of said circuits, and means forsimultaneously varying at will the polarity and other characteristics ofthe current upon each of said eontrolling-circuits to actuate saidwindings selectively.

7. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of agenerator for each of said circuits, a plurality of electromagneticwindings connected in each of said circuits and adapted to respond tovariations of voltage, and means for simultaneously varying at will thevoltage impressed upon said circuits by said generators.

8. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, ot aseparate source of supply for each of said circuits, means forsimultaneously varying at will the voltage impressed upon each of saidcircuits, a plurality of electromagnetic windings connected in each ofsaid circuits and adapted to respond to variation in voltage, andelements of electric motor controllers operated by said windings.

9. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of aseparate source of supply for each of said circuits, means forsimultaneously varying at will the voltage impressed upon each of saidcircuits, a plurality of electromagnetic windings arranged in each ofsaid circuits and adapted to respond to variation of voltage, andarmature resistances controlled by said electromagnetic windings.

10. The combination with aplurality of controlling-circuits, of aplurality of electromagnetic windings connected in each of said circuitsand adaptedto respond to variation of voltage, a separate generator foreach of said circuits, and means for simultaneously varying at will thevoltage developed by each of said generators.

11. The combination with a plurality of separate controlling-circuits,of a generator for each of said circuits, a plurality of electromagneticwindings' connected in each of said circuits and adapted to respond tovariation of voltage, and means for simultaneously varying at will thestrength of the fields of said generators.

12. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of aplurality of electron'iagnetic windings connected in each of saidcircuits and adapted to respond to variation of voltage, a separategenerator for each of said circuits, and a rheostat for simultaneouslyvarying at will the strength of the fields of said generators.

13. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of aseparate generator for each 01 said circuits, a plurality ofelectromagnetic windings connected in each of said circuits and adaptedto respond to variation of voltage, and means for simultaneously varyingat will the strength and polarity of the current developed by saidgenerators.

14. Theeon'ibination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of aseparate generator for each of said circuits, a plurality ofelectromagnetic windings connected with each of said circuits andresponding to variation of voltage, a reversing-switch controlled bypairs of said windings in each of said circuits, and an armatureresistance controlled by a plurality of said windings in each of saidcircuits.

15. The combination with a suitable supplycireuit, of a plurality ofmotor-generators hav ing the motor parts thereof energized from saidsupply-circuit, a separate controlling-circuit connected with thegenerator part of each of said motor-generators, means for simultaneously varying at will the voltage developed by said generator part,andaplurality of electromagnetic windings associated with saidcontrolling-circuits and adapted to respond to variation of voltage.

16. The combination with a suitable supplycircuit, of a plurality ofmotor-generators having the motor parts thereof energized from saidsupply-circuit, a separate controlling-circuit connected with thegenerator part of each of said motor-generators, means forsimultaneously varying at will the strength of the fields of saidgenerators, and a plurality of electromagnetic windings connected ineach of said controlling-circuits and adapted to respond to differentvoltages.

17. The combination with a suitable supplyeircuit, of a plurality ofmotor-generators having the motor parts thereof energized from saidsupply-circuit, a separate controlling-circuit connected with thegenerator part of each of said motor-generators, a rheostat forsimultaneously varying at will the strength of the fields of saidgenerators, and a plurality of electromagnetic windings connected ineach of said controlling-circuits and adapted to respond to differentvoltages.

18. The combination with a suitable supplycircuit, of aplurality ofmotor-generators having the motor parts thereof energized from saidsupply-circuit, a separate controlling-circuit connected with thegenerator part of each of said motor-generators, means forsimultaneously varying at will the voltage developed by said generatorpart, a plurality of electromagnetic windings connected in each of saidcontrolling-circuits and adapted to respond to variation of voltage, andthe elements of mocuits connected with the armatures of the generatorparts of said motor-generators, means for varying at Wlll the strengthof the field of each of said generator parts, and a plurality ofelectromagnetic windings associated with each of saidcontrolling-circuits and responding to different voltages.

20. The combination with a supply-circuit, of a plurality ofmotor-generators having the motor parts thereof energized by saidcircuit. a separate controlling-circuit connected with the armature ofeach of the generator parts of said motor-generators, means forsimultaneously varying at will the voltagedeveloped by said armatures, aplurality of electromagnetic windings associated with each of saidcontrolling-circuits and responding to variation of voltage, areversing-switch and an armature resistance controlled by the windingsof each of said controlling-circuits.

21. The combination with a train of cars, of a suitable supply-circuit,a motor-generator on each car, a controlling-circuit supplied by eachgenerator, and meansfor controlling all of said motor-generators inunison to vary the electricaleondition of the controlling-circuits, andsuitable instrumentalities associated with said controlling-circuits.

22. The combination with aplurality of sep arate controlling-circuits,of a plurality of electromagnetic windings suitably associated with eachof said controlling-circuits, and means for imposing like electricalconditions upon each of said controlling-circuits to selectively actuatesaid electromagnetic windings.

23. The combination with apluralityof separate controlling-circuits. ofa plurality of electromagnetic windings suitably associated with each ofsaid controlling-circuits, a suppl y-circuit, a plurality ofmotor-generators receiving current from said supply-circuit anddelivering current respectively to said controlling-circuits, and meansfor controlling said motor-generators in unison to cause the same toimpose like electrical conditions on said controlling-circuits toselectively actuate said electromagnetic windings.

2 The combination with a plurality of separate eontrolling-circuits fora plurality of cars of a train, of a plurality of electromagneticwindings suitably associated with each of said eontrollingcircuits, atrain-line extending through the train, and means controlled through theagency of said train-line for imposing like electrical conditions uponsaid controlling-circuits to selectively actuate said electromagneticwindings.

25. The combination with a plurality of separate controlling-circuits ofa plurality of electromagnetic windings connected in each of saidcircuits and adapted to respond to variations of voltage, and meansforsimultaneousl y impressing at will like voltages upon each of saidcircuits.

26. The combination with a plurality of controlling-circuits, of aseparate source of supply for each of said circuits, and means forsimultaneously impressing like voltages upon each of said circuits.

In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence oftwo witnesses.

HENRY H. CUTLER. Witnesses:

T. E. BARNUM, F. R. BACON.

